Reality's Fugue
Reality's Fugue
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Science, religion, philosophy: these three categories of thought have organized humankind’s search for meaning from time immemorial. Reality’s Fugue presents a compelling case that these ways of understanding, often seen as competing, are part of a larger puzzle that cannot be rendered by one account of reality alone.
This book begins with an overview of the concept of reality and the philosophical difficulties associated with attempts to account for it through any single worldview. By clarifying the distinction between first-person, third-person, and dualist understandings of reality, F. Samuel Brainard repurposes the three predominant ways of making sense of the differences among these views: exclusionist (only one worldview can be right), inclusivist (viewing other worldviews through the lens of one in order to incorporate them all, and thus distorting them), and pluralist or relativist (holding that there are no universals, and truth is relative). His alternative mode of understanding uses Douglas Hofstadter’s metaphor of a musical fugue that allows different “voices” and “melodies” of worldviews to coexist in counterpoint and conversation, while each remains distinct, with none privileged above the others. Approaching reality in this way, Brainard argues, opens up the possibility for a multivoiced perspective that can overcome the skeptical challenges that metaphysical positions face.
Engagingly argued by a lifelong scholar of philosophy and global religions, this edifying and accessible exploration of the nature of reality addresses deeply meaningful questions about belief, reconciliation, and being for a broad audience.
About the Author
About the Author
Table of Content
Table of Content
<p>Contents</p><p>List of Illustrations</p><p>Preface </p><p>Introduction</p><p>PART ONE: What Is Real?</p><p>The Predicament</p><p>•	Of Schizophrenia, Religions, and Conflicting Views of Reality</p><p>•	Science’s Limitations</p><p>•	Three Usual Ways to Resolve Conflicting Views of Reality</p><p>•	Fugues and a Fourth Option</p><p>•	Another Kind of Fugue</p><p>•	Summary</p><p>Two Views of Reality</p><p>•	The Need for New Philosophical Tools</p><p>•	First-Person versus Third-Person Views</p><p>•	The Two Views before and after René Descartes</p><p>•	The Concept of “Reality”</p><p>•	Three Accounts of Reality</p><p>•	Summary</p><p>PART TWO: Three Themes</p><p>Universals and Particulars</p><p>•	The Third-Person View Divides into Universals and Particulars</p><p>•	Some Historical Roots of the Universal-Particular Distinction</p><p>•	Universals and Particulars as Principles of Nature</p><p>•	Universals and Particulars Have an Ambiguous Relationship</p><p>•	Universals, Particulars, and Accounts of Reality</p><p>•	Summary</p><p>Hinduism and the Third-Person View</p><p>•	Why Hinduism?</p><p>•	Brahman</p><p>•	The Everyday World</p><p>•	Enlightenment</p><p>•	The Five Cloaks of Brahman</p><p>•	The Different Philosophical Schools</p><p>•	Summary with Strengths and Weaknesses of this Strategy</p><p>Awareness and Its Objects</p><p>•	First-Person Accounts of Reality</p><p>•	The Cartesian Roots of Western First-Person Philosophy</p><p>•	A Phenomenological Illustration of First-Person Philosophy</p><p>•	Awareness and Conscious Awareness</p><p>•	Summary</p><p>Buddhism and the First-Person View</p><p>•	Why Buddhism?</p><p>•	The Buddha and the Four Nobel Truths</p><p>•	The Nature of Reality</p><p>•	Universals as Arising through Causal Interaction</p><p>•	Enlightenment and “Presence”</p><p>•	History after the Buddha</p><p>•	Summary with Strengths and Weaknesses of this Strategy</p><p>The Dualism of Everyday Reality</p><p>•	Dualist Accounts of Reality</p><p>•	Reality as What Is “Public”</p><p>•	Reality as What Is “Present”</p><p>•	<em>Phusis</em> versus <em>Techne</em>: The Natural versus the Artificial</p><p>•	Individual and Collective Agency</p><p>•	Summary</p><p>Western Theism and the Dualist View</p><p>•	Everyday Dualism versus a Higher Truth</p><p>•	Polytheism</p><p>•	From Polytheism to Monotheism</p><p>•	Philosophical Influences</p><p>•	Human Nature and Life Goals</p><p>•	Summary with Strengths and Weaknesses of this Strategy</p><p>PART THREE: Reality As Fugue</p><p>Introduction to Part Three</p><p>Awareness’ Two Roles</p><p>•	Who Are We Really?</p><p>•	Awareness’ Two Roles</p><p>•	Sitting in a Café</p><p>•	The Consciousness Problem</p><p>•	Summary</p><p>Artifacts of Awareness</p><p>•	A Definition for Awareness</p><p>•	A Mosaic of Groups: CORs, Classes, and CODs</p><p>•	Descartes Reconsidered</p><p>•	Our Concept of Self in Space and Time</p><p>•	Summary</p><p>Physical Reality</p><p>•	Reality as Emergent</p><p>•	Mathematics and the Behavior of the Universe</p><p>•	Two Pictures of Physical Reality</p><p>•	Quantum Strangeness</p><p>•	Schrödinger's Cat</p><p>•	Summary</p><p>Religions Revisited</p><p>•	Philosophy, Religion, and Mystery</p><p>•	A Riddle Blocks Our Way</p><p>•	At Home in the Everyday Puzzle of Reality</p><p>•	Gateless Gates</p><p>•	Moving On</p><p></p><p>Postscript 1: Scale as a Dimension of Reality</p><p>Postscript 2: A Definition for Truth</p><p></p><p>Acknowledgements</p><p>Terms Defined in this Book</p><p>Glossary of Hindu and Buddhist Terms</p><p>Notes</p><p>References</p><p></p>
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